Optimization of the technology of basic soil tillage for sowing white mustard in sustainable agriculture

Aim. The study was to investigate the peculiarities of white mustard seed yield formation under the influence of tillage and fertilization. Methods. The research was conducted in 2009−2024 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental plots is medium-loamy podzolized chernozem. Research methods: field, mathematical and statistical, and comparative and calculative. Results. The results of studies of the peculiarities of white mustard yield formation under the influence of basic tillage and fertilization are presented. The peculiarities of the formation of individual indicators of productivity of white mustard plants on mineral (N60P60K60) and organic-mineral (straw of the predecessor and N30P30K30) fertilizer backgrounds under the influence of shelf and conservation tillage were established. Conclusions. The highest yields of white mustard seeds (1.37 and 1.39 t/ha) were recorded under the effect of shelf tillage on mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer backgrounds (N60P60K60). Under conservation tillage, a decrease of 1−10% in the yield of white mustard seeds was observed compared to plowing. The maximum weight of 1000 seeds (1.99 and 2.10 g) was obtained under chisel tillage on both fertilizer backgrounds. The results of this study contribute to the optimization of soil cultivation technologies, which is an important step towards sustainable agricultural development in the face of climate change.