Characteristics of the starting material of Triticum aestivum L. created with the participation of varieties with quality indicators of strong wheat

Aim. To select components for crosses that have high grain quality potential and are capable of ensuring high yields of hybrid grain under various agroclimatic conditions. Methods. The research was conducted at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in the laboratory of winter wheat breeding and the laboratory of grain quality during 2023, 2024. Research material: varieties of soft winter wheat of Ukrainian selection, which are distinguished by grain quality indicators at the level of strong wheat, and registered in Ukraine in different years; 30 hybrid combinations of winter wheat were obtained by reciprocal crosses and grain setting was also analyzed in the process of their creation. The experiment design and observations were carried out according to the methods: O. S. Mazmanishvili (2010), DSTU 4117:2007, A. T. Oprya et al. (2014), Beil G. M. (1965). Research methods: field and laboratory, descriptive-statistical, comparison and generalization. Results. In studies of soft winter wheat varieties in 2023, 2024, the protein content varied from 12.2 to 15.5% and 10.4 to 14.3%, respectively, which indicated the peculiarity of the genoplasms (genotype) of varieties in which there is the presence of the grain quality indicator (protein content) of strong wheat. High values ​​of grain setting were observed in hybrids in 2023. (Geyser / Pokrovskaya (70.3%), MIP Yuvileyna / Pokrovskaya (68.8%), Aurora Mironivskaya / MIP Yuvileyna (68.0%), Geyser / MIP Yuvileyna (65.0%), MIP Yuvileyna / MIP Knyazhnya (64.0%)) in 2024 – Geyser / MIP Knyazhnya (70.6%), Pokrovskaya / MIP Knyazhnya (50.8%). 40.0% (ND, PU, ​​CHPD) of F1 genotypes of soft winter wheat, studied by protein content, exceeded the best parental form. Conclusions. Increased protein content is a sign by which it is advisable to select the starting material in breeding programs for high grain quality. High values ​​of tying from 64.0 to 70.3% of grains were found in five combinations in 2023 (Geizer / Pokrovskaya, MIP Yuvileyna / Pokrovskaya, Aurora Myronivskaya / MIP Yuvileyna, Geizer / MIP Yuvileyna, MIP Yuvileyna / MIP Knyazhnya) and in two - Geizer / MIP Knyazhnya, Pokrovskaya / MIP Knyazhnya in 2024. Thus, the results confirm the feasibility of using in crossing wheat varieties MIP Knyazhnya, MIP Yuvileyna, Avrora Mironivska, Pokrovska, Geyzer, Glad according to the grain quality indicators of strong wheat, which gives prospects for the selection of transgressions among future new genotypes that may be high-protein.