Deep Learning Reconstruction for T2 Weighted Turbo-Spin-Echo Imaging of the Pelvis: Prospective Comparison With Standard T2-Weighted TSE Imaging With Respect to Image Quality, Lesion Depiction, and Acquisition Time

Purpose: In pelvic MRI, Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) pulse sequences are used for T2-weighted imaging. However, its lengthy acquisition time increases the potential for artifacts. Deep learning (DL) reconstruction achieves reduced scan times without the degradation in image quality associated with other accelerated techniques. Unfortunately, a comprehensive assessment of DL-reconstruction in pelvic MRI has not been performed. The objective of this prospective study was to compare the performance of DL-TSE and conventional TSE pulse sequences in a broad spectrum of pelvic MRI indications. Methods: Fifty-five subjects (33 females and 22 males) were scanned at 3 T using DL-TSE and conventional TSE sequences in axial and/or oblique acquisition planes. Two radiologists independently assessed image quality in 6 categories: edge definition, vessel margin sharpness, T2 Contrast Dynamic Range, artifacts, overall image quality, and lesion features. The contrast ratio was calculated for quantitative assessment. A two-tailed sign test was used for assessment. Results: The 2 readers found DL-TSE to deliver equal or superior image quality than conventional TSE in most cases. There were only 3 instances out of 24 where conventional TSE was scored as providing better image quality. Readers agreed on DL-TSE superiority/inferiority/equivalence in 67% of categories in the axial plane and 75% in the oblique plane. DL-TSE also demonstrated a better contrast ratio in 75% of cases. DL-TSE reduced scan time by approximately 50%. Conclusion: DL-accelerated TSE sequences generally provide equal or better image quality in pelvic MRI than standard TSE with significantly reduced acquisition times.