Environmental and Economic Growth Oriented Energy Efficiency in G-11 Countries: Evidence From Dea and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index

The aim of this study is to examine the energy efficiency oriented environmental and economic growth in G-11 countries in the time period 2000-2023. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index methods were used in the analysis. The findings obtained in the study, respectively, indicate that the input-oriented model findings established under the assumption of constant returns to scale indicate that the efficiency of decision-making units decreased in the period in question, however, the USA, Japan, Australia, Netherlands and Switzerland were effective in all periods. The country with the lowest efficiency value in the relevant period is Canada. The input-oriented model findings established under the assumption of variable returns to scale indicate that the efficiency of decision-making units decreased in the period 2000-2023, furthermore, the USA, Japan, Australia, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland were effective in all periods. As a result of the study, according to the Malmquist TFP index findings, environmental and growth-oriented energy efficiency is achieved in Canada, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.