Study of Prospecting NPP Cogeneration as District Heating and Cooling in Indonesia

Metropolitan areas like Jakarta are often associated with dense populations and significant energy consumption challenges. During working hours, the city sees the movement of up to 4 million people, creating a distinct energy demand pattern compared to surrounding satellite areas. Energy usage peaks during the summer months due to the high demand for air conditioning, highlighting the need for a stable electricity supply. Jakarta’s current reliance on coal as its primary energy source becomes problematic when supply chains are disrupted or coal becomes economically unsustainable. Moreover, coal usage contributes to long-term environmental degradation. In alignment with the government’s target of achieving net-zero carbon emissions, there is a growing urgency to adopt renewable energy alternatives. Nuclear power presents itself as a viable solution for Indonesia, given its high energy output. The cogeneration capability of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) can be utilized for district heating and cooling (DHC), decreasing the city’s reliance on fossil fuels, particularly for cooling. This shift could significantly cut down on air pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion, thus enhancing air quality in Jakarta. This study explores the feasibility of integrating NPPs in major Indonesian cities, factoring in geographical, demographic, economic, and environmental aspects. Ultimately, the initiative aims to help Jakarta progress toward a cleaner and more sustainable urban environment.