Synthesis of new hydrazones derived from 2,4-dioxothiazolidine-5-yl-acetic acid

Thiazolidinone is known for its varied biological actions, attracting the attention of researchers to investigate its potential. This scaffold can generate numerous molecules with diverse structures and properties. We need to undertake many steps to prepare new hydrazone molecules for our research. We initiate by reacting maleic anhydride with thiourea, yielding 2, 4-dioxothiazolidine-5-yl-acetic acid (1). Methyl 2-(2, 4-dioxothiazolidin5-yl)acetate (2) was synthesised by combining the acid (1) with thionyl chloride in methanol. The reaction with hydrazine 80% in methanol transformed the ester (2) into 2-(2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)acetohydrazide (3). The hydrazide (3) was further treated with different aldehydes in ethanol to provide the desired new N'-arylidene2-(2, 4-dioxothiazolidine-5-yl)acetohydrazide compounds (4-8). The technique sustains varying substituents, leading to the separation of various products in diverse yields. The new hydrazones are useful precursors for creating substituted heterocycles and other intricate structures in medicinal chemistry, which are important for numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The synthesised materials characterization and structural elucidation (1-8) were conducted using melting point measurement, chromatography of thin layer, FT-IR, NMR ( 1H and 13C) spectra. The proposed mechanisms for these reactions were examined based on these calculations. This research sought to provide a thorough examination of recent studies, concentrating on a uniform group of 2, 4- dioxothiazolidine-5-yl-acetic acid. It concentrates on the most promising substances found in the latest research, together with their molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms.