Cross-linguistic data reveals insights into emotion and colour meanings in 1,439 participants, highlighting cultural variations.
This article presents a free association database containing responses to 62 stimulus words (including colour terms, emotion words, and common nouns) across seven languages: English, Estonian, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, and Spanish. Data were collected online from 1,439 participants (mean age 31.47 years) across 14 countries, yielding 223,786 responses. All data were cleaned, normalised, and organised for analysis, with both raw and processed datasets available on OSF. This cross-linguistic resource enables research on semantic networks, psycholinguistics, translation studies, and cross-cultural comparisons, providing insights into how meaning is constructed within and across different languages and cultures.
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Jonauskaitė et al. (2025) studied this question.
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