The vertical characteristics and generation–dissipation mechanisms of atmospheric turbulent kinetic energy across the entire boundary layer: a case study of Shenzhen

This study investigates turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dynamics in Shenzhen’s atmospheric boundary layer using wind lidar. From the perspective of time characteristics, the intensity and duration of TKE are the strongest in June, mainly driven by shear generation. From the perspective of vertical height characteristics, the appearance height of TKE is the largest in September, with buoyancy generation being its main driving factor. In December and February, the vertical distribution range of TKE is relatively low and mainly comes from buoyancy generation. These findings clarify TKE’s spatiotemporal drivers, offering insights for urban meteorological modelling.