Enhancing Supercapacitor Performance with Multilayered Tungsten (VI) Oxide Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Oxide and Activated Carbon

Developing hybrid graphene-metal oxide materials is crucial for advancing high-performance supercapacitor electrodes due to their unique pseudocapacitive properties and scalability. This study presents a cost-effective approach to fabricating multilayer supercapacitor electrodes by integrating tungsten (VI) oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets (18.20 ± 0.12 mm). WO₃ nanoparticles (21.56 ± 1.83 nm) were deposited onto rGO sheets to enhance pseudocapacitive behavior, forming a WO3/rGO nanocomposite. Additionally, activated carbon (6.36 ± 0.32 mm) derived from durian peels and carbon from durian peel ash were incorporated as composite layers, providing a sustainable alternative for electrode fabrication. A screen-printed electrode with an approximately 500 µm-thick WO₃/rGO layer achieved an impressive specific capacitance of 733.30 F·g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A·g⁻¹ and exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 95 % of its capacitance after 5,000 charge-discharge cycles. This innovative approach offers a sustainable and efficient strategy for enhancing supercapacitor performance, with promising implications for enhancing energy storage capacity in next-generation technologies. HIGHLIGHTS Developed a low-cost multilayer supercapacitor using WO₃/rGO nanocomposites. Incorporated activated carbon from durian peels for sustainable electrode layers. Achieved a specific capacitance of 733.30 F·g⁻¹ at 1 A·g⁻¹. Retained 95% capacitance after 5,000 charge-discharge cycles. Provides an efficient and eco-friendly solution for energy storage systems.