Study on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Multi-Layer Laser Cladding Fe901 Coating on 65 Mn Steel

65 Mn is a high-quality carbon structural steel that exhibits excellent mechanical properties and machinability. It finds broad applications in machinery manufacturing, agricultural tools, and mining equipment, and is commonly used for producing mechanical parts, springs, and cutting tools. Fe901 is an iron-based alloy that exhibits excellent hardness, structural stability, and wear resistance. It is widely used in surface engineering applications, especially laser cladding, due to its ability to form dense and crack-free metallurgical coatings. To enhance the surface hardness and wear resistance of 65 Mn steel, this study employs a laser melting process to deposit a multi-layer Fe901 alloy coating. The phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the coatings are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness testing, and friction-wear testing. The results show that the coatings are dense and uniform, without visible defects. The main phases in the coating include solid solution, carbides, and α-phase. The microstructure comprises dendritic, columnar, and equiaxed crystals. The microhardness of the cladding layer increases significantly, with the multilayer coating reaching 3.59 times the hardness of the 65 Mn substrate. The coatings exhibit stable and relatively low friction coefficients ranging from 0.38 to 0.58. Under identical testing conditions, the wear resistance of the coating surpasses that of the substrate, and the multilayer coating shows better wear performance than the single-layer one.