Regulation Mechanism of Bacterial Quorum Sensing System in Biofilm Formation and Development of Inhibitors

The quorum sensing (QS) system is a crucial signaling mechanism in bacteria, consisting of multiple domains. It regulates gene expression within bacterial cells through complex signaling pathways, thereby influencing the growth, metabolism, and physiological processes of bacteria. Research has shown that the QS system can regulate the expression of various signaling molecules, which in turn affects the formation of bacterial biofilms. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms and research progress of the QS system in biofilm formation, and provides a summary of the small molecule inhibitors reported to date for inhibiting the QS system, focusing on inhibitor screening and development. It aims to provide new ideas and methods for the development of QS system inhibitors. The article will provide a detailed introduction to the QS system and explore potential directions for inhibitor development.