A Numerical Model for Simulating Force-Induced Damage in Korla Fragrant Pears at Different Maturity Stages

The maturity of Korla fragrant pears directly influences their harvesting, packaging, transportation, and storage. Investigating the mechanical properties of fragrant pears at various maturity stages can help minimize damage during postharvest handling. This study employs micro-CT technology combined with reverse model scanning to develop a numerical model for force damage across different maturity stages, supported by experimental validation. The results demonstrate that both rupture force and rupture strain progressively decrease as the maturity of Korla fragrant pears increases, exhibiting a sudden transition. Simultaneously, the fruit’s microstructure shifts from distinct cellular organization to an irregular, collapsed state. The proposed numerical model, which accounts for this abrupt change, provides a better fit than models based on a single physical parameter, with the R2 value improving from 0.7922 to 0.9665. Furthermore, this model accurately quantifies the mechanical properties of fragrant pears at all stages of maturity. These findings offer technical support for reducing postharvest losses and serve as a reference for developing damage prediction models for other fruits and vegetables.