Role of Antioxidants in Diseases and its Impact on Mitochondria with A Focus on Diabetes: An Overview

Introduction: This review focuses on the various natural and synthetic antioxidants which affect cellular signalling and mitochondrial dynamics for managing diabetes and its complications including other variety of diseases or traumas. Methods: Information in the current review was gathered from electronic scientific resources like google scholar, science direct, springer link and via the PubMed website using the Boolean Method and a variety of keywords. Results: The results of the present study revealed that a number of 110 antioxidants have been identified to improve mitochondrial health, offering potential treatments for diabetes and a spectrum of other diseases. Naturally occurring antioxidants such as polyphenols and flavonoids present in fruits and plants, have demonstrated the ability to attenuate oxidative stress and enhance mitochondrial performance thereby helps in the management of diabetes and various other health complications. From among the polyphenol’s resveratrol, mitoQ, quercetin and curcumin has been discussed in the review. Discussion: The analysis indicates a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and mitochondrial function, underscoring their role in disease prevention and therapy. These antioxidants not only reduce oxidative damage but also regulate signalling pathways involved in inflammation and energy metabolism. Their dual action makes them promising agents in managing diabetes and potentially other chronic diseases. Conclusion: The conclusion offers a concise yet comprehensive overview for researchers and industries in highlighting the therapeutic promise of antioxidant interventions in addressing diverse health conditions through enhanced mitochondrial function.