Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Paragominas Region: Interactions with the Capim River Basin and Socioeconomic Implications in Light of the Nexus Theory

Introduction: The Amazon region has been undergoing a rapid transformation in land use, characterized by the replacement of native vegetation with urbanized areas, monocultures, and agricultural activities. This process has led to serious socio-environmental consequences, such as increased soil erosion, soil degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. In this context, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover in the municipality of Paragominas (PA) and its interaction with the Capim River Basin, highlighting the socioeconomic implications of these interactions based on the Nexus Theory. The theoretical framework incorporates concepts of landscape ecology, territorial occupation, soil ecology, and the interdependence between water, land, and food security. The methodology adopted was a systematic literature review, including the selection of scientific articles from national and international databases, complemented by bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. The results indicate the replacement of Amazonian forest by pastures, soybean crops, mining areas, and human settlements, within a scenario marked by unregulated expansion and lack of environmental governance. The discussion reveals that such changes stem from public policies favoring agribusiness, population migration, and the absence of territorial planning. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated watershed management as a tool to mitigate impacts and promote sustainable development. The originality of the research lies in the application of Nexus Theory to understand ecological and social interactions in a critical area of the Deforestation Arc. Objective: This study aims to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover in the municipality of Paragominas (PA) and its interactions with the Capim River Basin, considering the socioeconomic impacts based on the Nexus Theory. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the Nexus approach, which integrates the dimensions of water, land, and food security, associated with concepts from landscape ecology, Amazonian urbanization, and space production. Method: This is a bibliographic research with a qualitative and exploratory approach. A total of 100 scientific articles were analyzed from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, complemented by bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate a significant expansion of agriculture and mining over native vegetation areas, resulting in environmental degradation, changes in water resources, and challenges to local food security. The discussion highlights the lack of territorial planning policies and the influence of climate change. Research Implications: The study provides theoretical and practical insights for environmental planning and integrated watershed management in the Amazon. Originality/Value: The originality lies in the application of the Nexus Theory in a critical region of the Deforestation Arc, offering a systemic perspective on the interactions between society, nature, and public policies.