A clinical case of eosinophilic esophagitis in a child

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus, which is entered into the list of orphan and rare diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2024. In recent years, the disease has become increasingly important in clinical practice, especially in pediatrics, as its prevalence is rapidly growing throughout the world. It is reported that eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with allergic diseases such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and represents a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge due to the similarity of symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Such non-specific symptoms as regurgitation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain while eating are observed in young children, and complaints of dysphagia are registered in older children. It is quite difficult to diagnose eosinophilic esophagitis due to the lack of specific symptoms and markers, as well as the need for invasive diagnosis confirmation using endoscopy and biopsy examinations. This results in frequent cases of understaging or late diagnosis, which, in turn, can worsen the prognosis and patient’s quality of life. The article presents clinical cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in young children, assessment of symptoms, diagnostic search, and principles of therapy choice.