Case report highlights diagnostic challenges in patients with infective endocarditis and vasculitis, suggesting the need for accurate differentiation.
Background Infective endocarditis occasionally presents with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, leading to diagnostic challenges and confusion, as it can be mislabeled antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-associated vasculitis. Distinguishing between these two factors is crucial for appropriate management. Case presentation In this case report, we describe a 77-year-old White non-Hispanic male patient who initially presented with features suggestive of antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-associated vasculitis but was ultimately diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the need to rule out infective endocarditis in patients with suspected antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-associated vasculitis, as it can be the same, and management relies on different lines of therapy. Immunosuppression therapy can lead to devastating effects in patients with infective endocarditis.
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Matarneh et al. (2025) studied this question.
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