What type of study is this?

This is a Cross-sectional study.

September 10, 2025Open Access

Psychometric validation and correlates of the personal safety perception scale (PSPS-26) as a multidimensional measure of perceived safety

Puntos clave

The PSPS-26 demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing perceived safety in a diverse adult population.
Higher levels of stress were significantly associated with lower perceptions of safety, especially regarding safety confidence.
Improved health and financial well-being correlated positively with higher overall safety perception, indicating critical factors.
The study highlights significant associations with various sociodemographic factors, including gender, education, and marital status.

Resumen

This study aims to develop and validate the Personal Safety Perception Scale (PSPS-26) as a wide-spectrum tool to capture the multidimensional construct of perceived personal safety. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1228 adults in Lebanon using an online survey. The PSPS-26 was developed through a modified Delphi technique and literature review, followed by expert consensus. The final 26-item scale was administered alongside validated measures of stress (PSQ-30), financial well-being (IFDFW), and health status (EQ-5D-5L). Construct validity was assessed using principal component analysis with Promax rotation, and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the associations between perceived safety and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. The PSPS-26 was validated with five factors: "Fear of Crime", "Safety Confidence", "Feeling Safe", "Neighborhood Walkability", and "Safety at Night", showing strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.835). Higher stress significantly associated with lower overall safety perception (Beta = - 0.158), especially in safety confidence (Beta = - 0.068) and safety at night (Beta = - 0.062). Enhanced health well-being significantly improved overall safety perception (Beta = 0.058) and feeling safe (Beta = 0.028). Financial well-being was positively and significantly correlated to overall safety perception (Beta = 0.204) and dimensions of fear of crime (Beta = 0.133), safety confidence (Beta = 0.033), and feeling safe (Beta = 0.035). Other significant factors included gender, health insurance coverage, access to healthcare, employment, education, residence area, and marital status. The PSPS-26 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing multidimensional personal safety perception. Its association with stress, health, and financial well-being underscores the importance of integrating psychological and socioeconomic factors into safety-related public health and policy strategies.

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Cite This Study

Dabbous et al. (Mon,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1b19354b1d3bfb60e8a6e https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13050-y

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