Numerical simulation of interaction mechanisms between lithium dendrites and cavitation bubbles

The recycling of lithium-ion batteries is faced with the problem of insufficient stripping efficiency of electrode materials and current collectors. In this context, the finite volume method (FVM) numerical simulation result is used to verify each other, and a full cycle model of ultrasonic cavitation bubble lithium dendrite interaction in the flow field is constructed. Based on the Keller–Miksis equation obtained by compressible modification of the Rayleigh–Plesset equation, the calculation formula of natural frequency of small bubbles, which are more affected by surface tension, is derived through the dynamic theoretical formula. By changing the ultrasonic pressure amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, and other key parameters, the internal mechanism of cavitation bubble lithium dendrite interaction was studied parametrically. The results show that the evolution process of cavitation bubbles is affected by ultrasonic pressure, fluid inertia momentum, bubble surface tension, and the flow resistance effect when the fluid flows through lithium dendrites. There is a coupled two-mode vibration between the forced vibration dominated by ultrasonic pressure and the intrinsic vibration of its own natural frequency. The primary shock wave and the secondary shock wave generated by Rayleigh collapse produce double pulse loads on lithium dendrites. The double pulse peaks are coupled and decoupled by the adjustment of ultrasonic pressure amplitude and frequency.