Morphological Evolution and Inhibition Mechanisms of Lithium Dendrites: A Multiphysics‐Coupled Phase‐Field Modeling Study

The growth of lithium dendrites poses a critical challenge to the safety and longevity of lithium‐metal batteries. A multiphysics‐coupled phase‐field model integrating electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal dynamics is employed to systematically investigate dendrite morphological evolution and inhibition mechanisms. Simulations of dendrite growth under varied conditions—including anisotropic strengths, pulse charging protocols, electrolyte concentrations, and stress‐temperature coupling—reveal three key findings. Reduced anisotropy intensity (δ < 0.01) suppresses primary dendrite elongation by 30% and increased current factor leads to increased stress in lithium dendrites. Thermal simulations further demonstrate localized temperature rises that enhance ion diffusion but risk thermal runaway upon separator penetration. High‐rate charging (5 C‐rate) exacerbates concentration gradients, amplifying dendritic instability by 40%. These results underscore the critical importance of optimizing interfacial energy modulation, pulse protocols, and thermal management to enhance battery safety. Actionable guidelines are provided for designing robust electrode architectures and operational frameworks to advance high‐energy‐density storage systems.