Insulation Panels made with Grass for Building Applications

This study presents a preliminary investigation into the fabrication and evaluation of innovative bio-based panels designed for wall insulation in buildings. Panels measuring 20 mm in thickness were produced by combining Cynodon dactylon particles, water, and potato starch, followed by compression molding and thermal curing. Three starch-to-water ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) were tested using medium-sized grass particles. The composites were characterized for density, thermal conductivity, and sound absorption. Results show that panel density increases with higher starch-to-water ratios. Acoustic testing confirmed effective sound absorption, classifying the panels as Class III according to ISO 11654:1997, attributed to their porous internal structure. Thermal conductivity values between 0.077 and 0.090 W/m • K confirm the panels’ suitability for insulation purposes. However, increased starch content slightly reduced both acoustic and thermal performance. Compared to other bio-based materials, the grass panels demonstrated comparable or improved physical and functional properties. Under humid conditions, the panels exhibited rapid biodegradation, particularly in soil environments, highlighting their potential for temporary or environmentally sensitive construction uses. Overall, these panels offer notable advantages in sustainability, life cycle efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, making them a viable alternative to conventional insulation materials such as wood and rock wool.