Research shows enhanced hardness and uniform strain distribution in curved 304 stainless steel parts formed cryogenically, suggesting improved aerospace application potential.
Stainless steel was widely used in thin-walled components of aerospace applications due to its low cost and easy processing. However, the high mass density of steel constrained its application. Recently developed cryogenic forming can achieve the high strength and lightweight requirements, as well as the strength improvement of stainless steel. A curved part of 304 stainless steel was formed under cryogenic conditions. The strain distribution of the curved part was studied through numerical simulation. The hardness distribution was investigated to reveal the strengthening effect. The strengthening mechanism was revealed by electron back-scattering diffraction. The results show that the strain distribution of the curved part is more uniform after cryogenic forming. The hardness was more excellent because the martensitic transformation was promoted under cryogenic deformation.
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Zhou et al. (2025) studied this question.
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