Parameter Variation Analysis of a Two-Stage Complex Voltage Divider into Passive Components According to the Tolerances

The article presents the circuit modeling results of a two-stage complex voltage divider with subsequent analysis of its amplitude-frequency response both in the initial absence of nominal tolerances and taking into account the established nominal tolerances of the circuit passive components in order to determine the spread of gain and bandwidth values by means of the Monte Carlo, the worst case and the maximum-minimum methods. The main purpose of such a scheme modeling is practical demonstration of evaluation methods of the electrical parameter spread within the OrCAD computer-aided design environment for further similar more complex electrical circuit and component (parts / nodes /cascades) modeling using these methods, finding (real) practical application in radio engineering equipment and radio systems in order to reduce material and time costs during their development and preliminary assessment of the potential circuit gain and bandwidth spread at the modeling stage (mathematical / circuit engineering / simulation) before these circuits being directly implemented. The need for such a preliminary analysis of the electrical parameter spread is only increasing every year. The relevance of this topic is evident in the analysis of circuits, when strict requirements are set on the variation of the parameters of these elements. In the course of practical implementation, the main methods for analyzing the spread of electrical circuit parameters are demonstrated, among which there are both methods provided for automatic circuit modeling by the OrCAD program, such as the Monte Carlo method and the worst-case method, as well as the method not provided by the automation program and requiring more profound control and calculation by the developer involved in the above-mentioned problem of circuit analysis, represented by the maximum-minimum method. The latter one is also of particular interest being less examined by earlier scientific and technical studies and publications, including in the framework of the description of its implementation in various computer-aided design environments.