The Development and Transformation of Changsha Xiang Opera in China

Background and Aim: In China, there are challenges faced by Changsha Xiang Opera in terms of protection and development before and after the implementation of intangible cultural heritage policies. The aim of the research is to analyze the status of Xiang Opera before the policy implementation and to understand the specific impacts of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) policies on its protection measures. Materials and Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review with qualitative data collected through focus group interviews. The literature review analyzed the historical background, performance forms, and development trajectory of Changsha Xiang Opera, drawing on scholarly articles, government documents, and historical records. Focus group interviews were conducted with 14 participants in Changsha City, China. The interviews explored their perspectives on the challenges facing Xiang Opera, the impact of ICH policies, and strategies for sustainable development. The study is grounded in Cultural Ecology Theory, examining the interplay between Xiang Opera. Results: The results show that before the implementation of intangible cultural heritage policies, Changsha Xiang Opera faced significant challenges, such as a break in its transmission and a loss of audience. Following the policy implementation, government support notably improved the opera’s survival space, through measures such as government funding, educational integration, artistic innovation, and media exposure. The opera has achieved a balance between tradition and modernity, ensuring innovation while preserving its artistic essence. Conclusion: With the support of intangible cultural heritage policies, Changsha Xiang Opera has successfully integrated tradition with innovation, injecting new vitality into its development. To ensure its sustainable future, further strengthening of policy implementation and maintaining a balance between traditional artistic characteristics and modern innovation are essential.