Synergistic Influence on Structural, Magnetic, and Photocatalysis Properties of Isovalent Ion (Gd³⁺ and Al³⁺) Doped and Codoped on PrFeO₃

Polycrystalline samples of trivalent ion doped (Gd 3+ ) and codoped (Al 3+ ) on A‐ and B‐site on perovskite PrFeO 3 , Pr 1‐ x Gd x Fe 1‐ x Al x O 3 (where x = 0.0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) matrix are prepared via sol–gel route and investigated their influence on structural and physical (magnetic and photocatalysis) characteristics. The prepared polycrystalline samples show the pure phase up to 15 mol%, which is confirmed through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD refinement further indicating that the synthesized samples existence of single phase orthorhombic crystal structure with space group of 62 ( Pbnm ) without any unreacted or secondary phase. The observed surface area increases with an increase of doping and codoping ion concentration on PrFeO 3 through nitrogen (N 2 ) adsorption–desorption isotherm curves. As a result, higher surface area is observed in doping and codoping ions on PrFeO 3 matrix exhibiting superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The magnetic behavior of these samples is also tested, and the remanent saturation values increase with the increase of doping and codoping concentration in PrFeO 3 perovskite matrix.