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September 10, 2025RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary0 citations

A Socio-Cultural Perspective on the Depiction of Tribal Life in Sanskrit Literature

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JMJitendra Kumar MeenaThe Sanskrit College and University

Key Points

  • The portrayal of tribal life in Sanskrit literature highlights their roles in ancient Indian society and culture.
  • Vedic texts, including the ramayana and mahabharata, contain significant references to tribal communities and their contributions.
  • Tribal individuals in Sanskrit literature are depicted as resilient figures with a deep connection to nature and tradition.
  • The study underscores the importance of recognizing the cultural richness of tribal communities in understanding Indian civilization.

Abstract

This research explores the portrayal of tribal life from a socio-cultural perspective in Sanskrit literature. Although Sanskrit writings are traditionally perceived as urban-centric and Brahmin-dominated, they also present a significant and impactful representation of tribal communities. The Vedic texts mention groups such as the Niṣāda, Śabara, Pulinda, and Kirāta, which highlight their recognized position within the social framework of ancient India. In the Rāmāyaṇa, characters like Guha, Śabarī, and the Vanara community, and in the Mahābhārata, figures like Ekalavya, Ghaṭotkaca, Nāga, and Kirāta reflect the active presence and contribution of tribal people. The Purāṇas also contain various narratives associated with tribal groups. These sources portray tribal individuals not merely as forest dwellers but as righteous, loyal, and resilient figures. Their affinity with nature, dedication to folk traditions, and commitment to environmental preservation are subtly reflected in Sanskrit literature. This study emphasizes the cultural richness and historical significance of tribal life, underscoring that Sanskrit literature is not solely a carrier of Brahminical tradition but a holistic reflection of Indian civilization. It presents a space where the cultural worldview of tribal communities is acknowledged and respected. Abstract in Sanskrit Language: एषः शोधः संस्कृतसाहित्ये आदिवासीजीवनस्य सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिकपरिप्रेक्ष्येण विचारं करोति। यद्यपि संस्कृतवाङ्मयं परम्परया नगरकेंद्रितं तथा ब्राह्मणप्रधानं मन्यते, तथापि तत्र आदिवासीसमाजस्य प्रतिपादनं न केवलं दृश्यते, अपि तु सप्रभावं समाहितं च अस्ति। वैदिकसाहित्ये निषाद, शबर, पुलिन्द, किरात इत्यादीनां उल्लेखः समाजे तेषां स्थानं प्रकाशयति। रामायणे गुहः, शबरी, वानरगणः च; महाभारते एकलव्यः, घटोत्कचः, नागः, किरातः च; पुराणेषु विविध आदिवासीसम्बद्धकथाः—एते सर्वे आदिवासीजीवनस्य अस्तित्वं, योगदानं च सूचयन्ति। एषु ग्रन्थेषु आदिवासीजनाः केवलं अरण्यवासी न, अपि तु धर्मनिष्ठः, सहचरः, संघर्षशीलः च निरूपिताः। तेषां प्रकृतिपरायणता, लोकपरम्परानिष्ठा, पर्यावरणसंरक्षणे निष्ठा च संस्कृतसाहित्ये सूक्ष्मतया प्रतिफलिता अस्ति। एषः शोधः तादृशं विचारयन् आदिवासीजीवनस्य सांस्कृतिकगौरवं, ऐतिहासिकसद्भावं च उद्घाटयति। अतः एषः अनुसंधानः प्रमाणयति यत्—संस्कृतसाहित्यं केवलं ब्राह्मणपरंपरायाः ध्वनिवाहकं न, अपि तु समस्तभारतीयजीवनसंस्कृतेः सहचिन्तनात्मकं प्रतिबिम्बं च अस्ति, यत्र आदिवासीजनानां सांस्कृतिकदृष्टिः अपि समुचितं स्थानं लभते। Keywords: संस्कृतसाहित्यम्’ आदिवासीजीवनम्, सामाजिकपरिप्रेक्ष्यः, सांस्कृतिकचित्रणम्, वेदः, रामायणम् , महाभारतम्, पुराणानि।

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Jitendra Kumar Meena (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1b35454b1d3bfb60e9f9chttps://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2025.v10.n2.039
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