A Literature Review on Effects of Longwave Diathermy In Subjects With Musculoskeletal Pain

Background: Millions experience musculoskeletal pain, such as osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. Longwave diathermy (LWD) is a non-invasive treatment that generates deep heat using high-frequency electromagnetic waves, potentially improving circulation, relieving muscle spasms, and promoting tissue repair. However, its effectiveness in treating musculoskeletal pain is still debated despite its common clinical use. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2006 and 2024, focusing on randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews of longwave diathermy (LWD) for musculoskeletal pain. Outcomes assessed included pain intensity, muscle relaxation, range of motion, and functional results. Studies not related to musculoskeletal pain, using different diathermy types, or lacking reliable outcomes were excluded. Selected studies were analysed to evaluate the efficacy of LWD in managing musculoskeletal pain. Results: Longwave diathermy effectively reduces pain and enhances mobility in individuals with conditions like osteoarthritis and tendinopathy. Its effectiveness varies based on treatment parameters, the condition being treated, and individual patient factors. Comparative studies with other therapies are limited. Conclusion: Longwave diathermy (LWD) can reduce pain and improve function in conditions like osteoarthritis and tendinopathy. While it shows benefits in pain relief and mobility, effectiveness varies based on treatment parameters and individual factors. The comparative efficacy of LWD against other treatments is unclear, indicating a need for more high-quality studies to define guidelines and optimal use.