Comparative Analysis of Non-Technical Factors Among Women’s Volleyball Team Athletes at the Paris Olympics

This study examines non-technical determinants (height, body mass, Quetelet Index, spike/block height) influencing elite women’s volleyball outcomes at the Paris Olympics. Using mixed-method analysis, China’s team was benchmarked against 11 competitors. Key findings highlight China’s vertical dominance: highest mean height (193.00 cm), spike height (320.50 cm), and block height (307.00 cm). However, suboptimal Quetelet Index (390.29) and intermediate body mass (75.38 kg) indicate physiological optimization potential. Bivariate correlations confirmed vertical metrics’ positive association with wins (P<0.05), while age and Quetelet Index showed no significance (P>0.05). Cluster analysis grouped China with Italy and the Dominican Republic as high-performance teams via net dominance, but neuromuscular deficits persisted. Recommendations include enhancing strength training, nutritional strategies, and Kettler Index optimization to bridge technical-tactical gaps. Non-technical factors must synergize with technical execution for maximal efficacy, offering a scientific framework for global talent development.