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Observational analysis reveals charge state distribution in Sn ions, indicating metastable states influence ionization.
This study investigates the ionization balance of Sn ions in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). Highly charged Sn ions are produced via collisions with a quasi-monochromatic electron beam, and the charge state distribution is analyzed using a Wien filter. Significant Sn15+ production occurs at electron energies below the ionization potential of Sn14+ (379 eV). Calculations attribute this to electron-impact ionization from metastable Sn14+ states.
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Guo et al. (2025) studied this question.
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