A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing the Efficacy of Electrotherapy to Ultrasound – Guided Intra-Articular Steroid Injections for Frozen Shoulder

Background: Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a disabling condition marked by pain and restricted range of motion (ROM). This study compares the effectiveness of electrotherapy (ET) and ultrasound-guided intra-articular steroid injections (UG-IASI), two common non-operative treatments. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized trial, 60 patients with unilateral Frozen shoulder were assigned to either ET (n = 30) or UG-IASI (n = 30). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and ROM measurements. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects models and subgroup analysis for diabetes. Results: UG-IASI resulted in significantly greater SPADI and ROM improvements than ET at 1, 3, and 6 months (P < 0.05). By 1 year, the difference was no longer significant. UG-IASI showed notable gains in abduction and flexion. Diabetic patients experienced reduced improvements across both groups. Conclusion: UG-IASI provides superior early and mid-term outcomes in pain relief and shoulder function compared to ET. While long-term differences narrow, early intervention with UG-IASI supports faster recovery. A tailored approach, considering comorbidities and patient needs, is recommended for optimal care.