Isolated Peroneal Nerve Palsy Following Bariatric Surgery in the Absence of Nutritional Deficiency: A Case Report

Peroneal neuropathy is a recognized cause for foot drop, typically following trauma, nerve damage, immobilization, or prolonged external pressure. Recently, rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery has been recognised as a potential cause for peroneal neuropathy. This may be due to the loss of protective fat tissue near the peroneal nerve, increasing its susceptibility to compression. Although this complication may be infrequent in occurrence, its impact on mobility and quality of life calls for increased vigilance among clinicians. Here we report a case of unilateral peroneal neuropathy leading to foot drop after significant weight loss in a short period following bariatric surgery. The patient underwent a comprehensive clinical workup, including laboratory investigations and neuroimaging, all of which were normal. Diagnosis was confirmed by nerve conduction studies, which revealed left peroneal nerve entrapment at the fibular head. Management consisted of a multidisciplinary, conservative approach, including physiotherapy and orthotic support.