Management and Treatment Modalities of Miscarriage in Nigeria: A Case Study of Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba.

Background: Miscarriage remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity in Nigeria, yet variations exist in its management across healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the management and treatment modalities of miscarriage at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, and explore associated factors and provider experiences. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at ABSUTH from January 2023 to December 2024. The study reviewed 220 systematically sampled clinical records of women aged 15–49 years who received care for miscarriage. Additionally, 30 purposively selected healthcare providers participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were collected using structured extraction forms and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: Most patients were aged 25–34 years (44.55%) and married (78.64%). The commonest type of miscarriage was incomplete abortion (43.64%). Diagnosis was predominantly clinical combined with ultrasound (64.55%). Management modalities included surgical intervention (41.36%), medical treatment with misoprostol ± mifepristone (40.00%), and expectant management (18.64%). Age (χ² = 12.83, p = 0.045) and educational level (χ² = 14.55, p = 0.024) were significantly associated with the chosen management modality. Significant correlations existed between management type and age (r = -0.21, p < 0.05), parity (r = -0.16, p < 0.05), and gestational age (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). Providers reported partial adherence to guidelines, with challenges including resource limitations and training gaps. Patients expressed concerns about delays and lack of psychosocial support. Conclusion: Management of miscarriage at ABSUTH reflects a balance of medical, surgical, and expectant modalities influenced by patient factors and institutional constraints. Strengthening adherence to guidelines, improving resource availability, and enhancing provider training and psychosocial support systems are recommended.