Characterization of banana-based farming systems in Rombo District, Tanzania: Implications for sustainable agriculture and food security

Banana-based farming systems are essential for food security and livelihoods in Rombo District, Tanzania. This paper characterizes these systems by assessing current practices, identifying limiting factors, and evaluating labour dynamics across agro-ecological zones. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes participatory questionnaires and transect walks, data were collected from 60 households across three agro-ecological zones. Results reveal a diversity of farming systems, with the predominant intercropping of banana, coffee, maize, and beans. Key challenges include disease prevalence, soil fertility decline, drought, labour shortages, and limited access to improved varieties and organic fertilizers. The study underscores the need for integrated pest management, capacity building, and mechanization to enhance productivity and sustainability. Recommendations include further research on disease-resistant varieties, promotion of organic fertilizers, and strategies to engage youth in agriculture. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to improve banana-based farming systems in Tanzania and similar contexts.