Crocus sativus and Neurological Health: A Review on Depression and Impaired Neurogenesis

Crocus sativus (saffron) is a valuable medicinal plant with a rich phytochemical profile, including bioactive carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The key constituents of saffron—crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal—exhibit potent neuroprotective properties, with crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid, playing a crucial role in promoting neurogenesis and mitigating depressive symptoms. Depression, affecting approximately 280 million individuals globally (WHO, 2023), is closely associated with impaired neurogenesis, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Crocus sativus, particularly in its nanotherapeutic form, offers promise in the treatment of depression by effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier and modulating neurotransmitter systems. In addition to its carotenoids, saffron contains flavonoids, such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives, which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review explores the phytochemical composition of Crocus sativus, its role in neurogenesis, and its potential as a therapeutic agent for depression and neurodegenerative disorders.