Association of Dry Eye, Sleep Quality, Anxiety and Depression among Young Pakistani Adults: A Cross- Sectional Study

Dry eye is a complex syndrome defined by tear film instability that is influenced by a number of factors, including anxiety, sadness, and quality of disease. Objective: To determine the connections between anxieties, depression, dry eye and sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Madinah Teaching Hospital in Faisalabad using a non-probability sampling technique. Participants had to be between the ages of 20 and 35 and free of clinically serious eye abnormalities or known sleep problems in order to be included. Those who were taking medication or had surgery within the last six months were not included. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the results of the HADS, OSDI, and PSQI, which measure symptoms of anxiety and depression, dry eye, and sleep quality, respectively. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that the average age was 22.10 ± 1.94. Multiple linear regression was used to find a significant (p<0.001) association between the OSDI and PSQI subscales (sleep latency, sleep interruptions, and use of sleep aids). Other factors that did not show statistically significant relationships with the regression model were subjective habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep quality, and dysfunction throughout the day (p>0.001). The assessment of multiple linear regression revealed that the OSDI and the other variables, HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI total score, were related to the following values: p=0.29, p=0.001, and p<.001, respectively. Conclusions: Dry eye disease showed significant associations with depression and poor sleep quality but not with anxiety.