Vulnerabilities and Inequalities Faced by Children With Imprisoned Parents: Challenges, Solutions and Strategies to Ensure Equal Opportunities

A significant number of children around the world are affected by separation from one or both parents as a result of the latter's incarceration. This article, a theoretical synthesis, aims to explore the impact of parental imprisonment on children from the perspective of legal sociology. It highlights the multiple challenges and vulnerabilities faced by children throughout the different stages of the criminal justice process involving their parents, as well as the ways in which the state, society and individuals can actively contribute to reducing stigmatization, discrimination and social inequalities affecting these children. The analysis draws on international scholarly literature, institutional reports, and empirical studies, selected based on their relevance and timeliness. Breaking cycles of inequality and alleviating the negative consequences experienced by children separated from incarcerated parents requires a paradigm and perspective shift, involving specialists, individuals and society as a whole. Social, psychological and educational support, together with inter-institutional co-operation and legal reforms, are essential to harmonise opportunities for children affected by parental detention. Reducing disparities and combating discrimination and stigmatisation is not only a moral obligation, but also a fundamental condition for an inclusive society that provides every child with support, protection and equal opportunities, regardless of the legal status of the family.