Study of the State of Reclamation Drainage Canals, Their Restoration and Cleaning

The purpose of the research: to study the condition of the canals of the reclamation system; research objectives: to determine the compliance of the operational characteristics of the canals with the design values, to determine the nature of deformations and violations of the geometric dimensions of the bottom and slopes of the canals, to determine the amount of excavation work to clean and restore the elements of the reclamation system, to determine the prerequisites for making a decision on ongoing and major repairs of the canals of the reclamation system. The article presents the results of a study of the state of reclamation drainage canals. The work considered the drainage canals of the reclamation system of the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. According to the cross-sectional shape, drainage canals can be trapezoidal, rectangular and parabolic. The most common are trapezoidal canals, the slopes of which are more stable, and they are more adapted for cleaning operations, while with mechanized cleaning of rectangular and parabolic canals, it is possible to destroy the edges of the slopes. The operation of drainage reclamation systems is associated with the appearance of sediments, siltation, herbaceous and shrubby vegetation at the bottom and slopes of canals. The cross-sectional area is reduced. All these factors lead to a disruption in the functioning of the entire reclamation system, which consists, first of all, in a decrease in the capacity of the canal; and, secondly, reducing the design depth of the canal. All this contributes to the flooding of the agricultural field and nearby areas. This state of affairs requires mechanized treatment, which must be implemented with the design depth. This means that the development of sediments from the bottom of the canal to a greater depth than the design depth leads to a decrease in the depression curve and a decrease in the drainage rate.