Modular outdoor seating for public well-being: A design-led approach to sustainable and flexible urban furniture

Keeping in mind, the fast pace urbanizations and environmental challenges, need of sustainability in public furniture must be addressed while enhancing social and emotional well-being. This paper is designed to address the approach to prioritize sustainability, flexibility, and emotional durability. Grounded in universal design principles (Carmona, 2010), landscape integration (Gehl, 2010), and emotional durability (Chapman, Emotionally Durable Design, 2015), the study proposes a methodology for creating adaptable, inclusive, and environmentally responsible urban furniture. The design accommodates diverse demographics through multi-height modules, intuitive configurations, and aesthetic adaptability (Zhang, 2024), contributing to both functional and therapeutic outcomes in public environments (Gardner, 2018).