Research and development design improves mathematical representation skills in 9th graders, suggesting effective instructional strategies.
Background: Mathematical representation skills are essential for solving abstract problems, particularly in geometry topics such as curved-surface solids, which many students find difficult to understand. International assessments like TIMSS and PISA indicate that Indonesian students' representation abilities remain below the global average, highlighting the need for effective instructional tools. Aims: This study aims to develop a multi-representation-based student worksheet (LKPD) to enhance the mathematical representation skills of 9th-grade students in learning curved- surface geometry.Methods: A research and development (R&D) design was employed using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 18 Bandar Lampung with two classes selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected via observations, interviews, questionnaires, and pretest-posttest instruments. Expert validation, student response analysis, and effectiveness testing using N- Gain were used for data analysis. Results: The developed LKPD was rated "valid" by subject matter and media experts. Students’ responses in both small- and large-scale trials showed high levels of interest and engagement. Effectiveness testing revealed a medium-level improvement in students’ mathematical representation skills, with an N-Gain score of 0.69. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that multi-representation-based worksheets can serve as effective and engaging tools to improve students’ conceptual understanding in mathematics, particularly for abstract geometric topics. The product is suitable for integration into both traditional and digital learning environments.
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Trianisa et al. (2025) studied this question.