Amino acid composition of biosubstances depending on the method of maral velvet antler extraction

The aim of this study is to determine the most effective method for extracting maral velvet antlers based on the obtained data on amino acid composition. The research involved the production of biosubstances using 4 extraction methods: 1st method: Ultrasound extraction (22 kHz) with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 45–50 °C; 2nd method: Ultrasound extraction (22 kHz) with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C, followed by autoclaving; 3rd method: Ultrasound extraction (37 kHz) with proteolytic enzymes, with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C; 4th method: Ultrasound extraction (37 kHz) with microbial enzymes, with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C, followed by autoclaving. Amino acid analysis was performed using chromatography on a Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence system equipped with a diode array detector. The calibration curve was constructed using nineteen standard amino acid samples manufactured by Sigma (Germany). The study results indicate that the second and fourth extraction methods are the most effective. These methods yield biosubstances with amino acid concentrations 1.4–2.1 times higher than those obtained using other extraction techniques.