Empowering coastal communities through participatory blue tourism: A case of Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

This study investigates how blue tourism can empower marginalised coastal communities in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Using Empowerment Theory and a qualitative constructivist approach, the research explored lived experiences in Bluewater Bay, Motherwell, and Wells Estate through 15 semi-structured interviews. Key themes identified include economic exclusion, infrastructure and safety challenges, cultural knowledge as a tourism asset, and the need for community-led governance. The findings suggest that participatory models of tourism planning can bridge the gap between development and community benefits. Recommendations include improving access, infrastructure, and inclusive policy design to support sustainable blue tourism.