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September 10, 2025Journal of the Civil Engineering ForumOpen Access

Sustainable Lightweight Concrete Using Candlenut Shell as Coarse Aggregate: The Impact of Water-Cement Ratios on Strength and Density

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Authors

MHMuhammad HasrulOkayama University MRMohammad Junaedy RahmanState University of Makassar AHAhnaf Riyandirga Ariyansyah Putra HelmyState University of Makassar

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Implication

Observational analysis identifies optimal water-cement ratio for compressive strength in lightweight concrete, suggesting CSA as a sustainable alternative.

Key Points

An optimal water-cement ratio of 0.55 produced the highest compressive strength of 14.3 MPa.
Higher water-cement ratios increased porosity, reducing both strength and density in the concrete mix.
The use of candlenut shell aggregate as a lightweight solution promotes environmental sustainability.
Effective pre-treatment of CSA is crucial to mitigate its high absorption and enhance performance.

Cite This Study

Hasrul et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1c22d54b1d3bfb60ef7ca https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.18175

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Implication

Observational analysis identifies optimal water-cement ratio for compressive strength in lightweight concrete, suggesting CSA as a sustainable alternative.

Sustainable Lightweight Concrete Using Candlenut Shell as Coarse Aggregate: The Impact of Water-Cement Ratios on Strength and Density

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Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Sustainable Lightweight Concrete Using Candlenut Shell as Coarse Aggregate: The Impact of Water-Cement Ratios on Strength and Density

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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