Generalized uncertainty principle models’ multifaceted impact on black hole thermodynamics and entropy conservation during Hawking radiation

This work provides a comparative analysis of two distinct Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) models — GUP-KMM (incorporating minimal length) and GUP-DSR (introducing both minimal length and maximal momentum) — in their thermodynamic implications of Schwarzschild black hole during fermion tunneling process. By integrating quantum gravity corrections into the Dirac equation within curved spacetime, we derive modified Hawking temperature and establish entropy conservation through information-theoretic frameworks. We find that while both models predict black hole remnant formation at evaporation’s end, the GUP-DSR model yields a larger remnant mass compared to that of GUP-KMM, attributable to momentum uncertainty constraints. Statistical correlations between sequential emissions emerge from non-thermal radiation spectra, and these correlations demonstrate information leakage during evaporation. Through rigorous calculation of emission correlations and remnant entropy, we validate that the total entropy ([Formula: see text]) remains conserved within the two GUP frameworks, ensuring unitary evolution without information loss. These results reconcile black hole thermodynamics with quantum mechanics principles, offering critical insights into resolving the information paradox through quantum gravity frameworks.