Evaluation of Nephroprotective Effects of Cajanus Cajan Leaves Extract: In-Silico and In-Vivo Studies

Background: This study aimed to assess the nephroprotective effects of Cajanus cajan leaf extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental mice. Methods: Leaves were extracted with ethanol and the constituents identified by GC-MS, then subjected to in silico molecular docking and ADMET analyses. The extract (100 mg/kg) was administered alongside gentamicin to mice, after which blood was analyzed for renal markers (creatinine, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, albumin) and kidneys were examined histologically and assayed for antioxidant indices (MDA, MPO, CAT, GSH, SOD). Results: GC-MS detected 17 compounds— most abundant were 2,2′-Bi-1,4-Dioxane (21.511%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid (27.419%), 9-Eicosyne (18.047%), and 2,4,4-Trimethyl-3- hydroxymethyl-5a-cyclohexane (7.946%). Treatment reduced urine output, protein, and sodium levels; alleviated oxidative stress by lowering MDA and MPO and elevating CAT, GSH, and SOD; histology revealed improved glomerular and interstitial architecture with minimal congestion, necrosis, and hemorrhage; in silico data indicated strong binding affinities and favorable safety profiles for most extract components. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of C. cajan is safe and exerts significant nephroprotective effects against gentamicininduced renal injury, likely owing to its flavonoid and phenolic constituents