Optometry Students' Perceptions and Experiences with Artificial Intelligence Technology in Healthcare Education: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly integrated into healthcare education, yet limited research has focused on optometry students' perceptions of and experiences with these technologies. This study aimed to assess optometry students' perceptions, experiences, and attitudes toward the integration of AI technology in their educational programs; identify factors associated with positive attitudes toward AI; and examine barriers to the effective implementation of AI in optometry education. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 190 undergraduate optometry students via a validated 23-item questionnaire. The survey assessed demographic characteristics, prior experience with AI, frequency of AI use, comfort levels, satisfaction with AI integration, perceived educational benefits, challenges encountered, and future perspectives. Results Most of the participants were female (52.63%) and aged 18–21 years (60.53%). Most students (86.32%) had prior experience with AI, with mobile applications (69.47%) and smartboards (56.84%) being the most commonly used tools. ChatGPT was the most prevalent AI application (42.11%). High satisfaction with AI integration was reported by 52.63% of the students. Most participants (80.53%) believed that AI improved their learning experience and enhanced their understanding of course content (82.63%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that comfort level with AI technology (OR = 3.267, 95% CI: 1.964–5.434, p < 0.001) and frequency of AI use (OR = 1.931, 95% CI: 1.395–2.673, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of high satisfaction. Technical issues (86.84%) and limited access (54.21%) were the primary barriers. The majority (80.53%) preferred combining AI with traditional teaching methods, and 82.11% believed that AI would significantly shape the future of healthcare education. Conclusions Optometric students demonstrate positive attitudes toward AI integration in education, with comfort level and frequency of use being key determinants of satisfaction. While students recognize the educational benefits of AI, addressing technical challenges and ensuring adequate training are essential for successful implementation.