A Review of Multi-Base Station Collaborative Target Sensing Based on Integrated Sensing and Communication

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology for multi-base station collaborative target sensing has become a research hotspot due to its advantages in scenarios like the low-altitude economy and intelligent transgportation. This paper reviews the key technologies and applications of multi-base station ISAC collaborative sensing. First, the research background and significance are presented. It is pointed out that the development of the low-altitude economy imposes requirements of high precision, wide coverage, and real-time performance on wireless sensing technologies. Next, the domestic and international research status is analyzed, covering the development of single-base station ISAC technology, the system architecture of multi-base station collaborative sensing, and representative technologies. The existing technical challenges are also pointed out. Then, the models and basic theories of multi-base station ISAC systems are elaborated, including system architecture, physical models of target perception, and performance evaluation indicator systems. On this basis, technologies such as signal-level collaboration, data-level fusion, and symbol-level fusion strategy are discussed in detail. Finally, typical application scenarios and system implementation are analyzed, such as UAV tracking in the low-altitude economy and vehicle-infrastructure collaboration in intelligent transportation. The current technical challenges and future research directions are also summarized.