Force-Dependent Output Voltage in Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Piezoelectric Flexible Sensors

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) piezoelectric sensors are widely recognized for their flexibility, high sensing accuracy, and self-powered operation. This study addresses the challenge of improving the precision of output electrical measurements in piezoelectric flexible sensors under external force. A linear relationship between the piezoelectric sheet’s response and the applied force is derived and simulated using the first piezoelectric equation. An experimental setup is then constructed to measure output voltage under varying forces, with results analyzed using least squares fitting to establish the force-voltage relationship. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results demonstrates strong alignment, validating the method’s simplicity, feasibility, and effectiveness. Both simulation and experimental findings confirm that the sensor’s output voltage increases linearly with applied force within a defined range, offering insights for enhancing sensor performance.