Bile acid diarrhea: modern understanding of the mechanisms, possibilities of diagnosis and treatment

Bile acid diarrhea is a common but poorly understood cause of chronic diarrhea. In this regard, many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and treatment approaches. The article presents an analysis of the available literature data on the possible mechanisms of bile acid diarrhea. The role of complex molecular mechanisms in bile acid circulation, including the farnesoid X-receptor (FXR) and the fibroblast growth factor 4 receptor (FGFR4), is shown. Understanding these mechanisms opens up new possibilities for the diagnosis of this pathology, including the prospects for using new molecular markers. The article also discusses the treatment options for chologenic diarrhea. The presented data serve as a basis to develop strategies for the examination of patients with suspected malabsorption of bile acids.