Effect of Nanoparticles as Reinforcements and Compatibilizers of Poly(Lactide)/Poly(Butylene Adipate‐Co‐Terephthalate) Blends for Application in Food Packaging

Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are biodegradable polymers that stand out for application in food packaging, although they have individual limitations. PLA/PBAT blends emerge to improve properties such as strength and durability; however, they are incompatible, resulting in phase separation and inadequate properties. The use of compatibilizers and nanoparticles can improve adhesion between phases, creating materials with superior properties. This review presented studies on PLA/PBAT blends without compatibilizers, with compatibilizers, with nanoparticles, and with both, highlighting that these additives improve the morphology, which directly impacts their performance. Despite the clear advantages of using nanoparticles for compatibilization and for improving several blend properties, it is essential to assess their migration rates into food and potential toxicity in light of regulatory standards before any application in order to ensure food safety. Therefore, it is concluded that compatibilization and the incorporation of nanoparticles are effective strategies to optimize mechanical properties and expand the applicability of these blends in food packaging, ensuring better performance and sustainability.