Investigation finds periodic solutions in second-order singular differential systems, suggesting new approaches via variational methods.
This paper aims to investigate the second-order singular differential systems generated by instantaneous and non-instantaneous impulses. By proposing a new energy functional and solving the difficulties brought by impulsive effects, the existence of periodic solutions to the second-order singular differential systems is obtained via the variational method, which extends and enriches some previous results.
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Tengfei Shen (2025) studied this question.
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