Exploring Triphala's Therapeutic Potential: Targeting AD Pathology Proteins BACE1, GSK3β, and MMP9 through InSilico Approaches

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated dementia have emerged as prominent global health concerns over recent decades. Characterized by complex genetic, epigenetic, and metabolomic alterations, AD remains incurable. Extensive exploration into the genetic landscape of AD pathology has led to the identification of several biomarkers strongly implicated in the disease, including GSK3ß, BACE1, and MMP9, alongside the hallmark APP and Tau-related neurofibrillary tangle formation. While certain commercially available drugs such as memantine and donepezil are utilized in AD treatment, their efficacy is subject to debate, with notable side effects. Consequently, attention has turned to Ayurvedic herbal components, frequently consumed in India, renowned for their diverse health benefits and comparatively lower adverse effects. In this investigation, Triphala, a composite formulation comprising extracts from Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia bellerica, was selected for the study. Through identification of the bioactive constituents of these plant extracts, molecular docking analyses were conducted with GSK3ß, BACE1, and MMP9 proteins. Findings indicate that the bioactive constituents of Triphala exhibit enhanced interactions with these target proteins, suggesting a potential improvement in AD pathology through Triphala consumption. However, it is imperative to underscore that further molecular experimentation in laboratory settings is essential to validate these initial findings conclusively. Looking ahead, the composition of Triphala holds promise as a prospective therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD-associated dementia.